COMM 3134 Spring
1999
ARGUMENTATION AND CRITICAL
THINKING
Annette
Markham, Ph.D.
40 Agnew Hall, 231-9834,
amarkham@vt.edu
ALL COURSE MATERIALS WITHIN THIS
WEBSITE ARE COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
COPYRIGHT ANNETTE N. MARKHAM
1999
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Office Hours: Drop by during
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T-TH 9-10 a.m. or 2-3
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REQUIRED
TEXTS:
- Hill, Bill & Leeman, Richard
(1997). The Art and Practice of Argumentation and
Debate.
- Sprague, Jo & Stuart, Douglas
(1996). The Speaker's Handbook (4th
Edition).
- Course Packet (will be available at
Kopy Korner, located at the corner of Main and Progress. No credit
cards allowed, checks are accepted)
Required
Course Prerequisite: Public Speaking
As a successful participant in this class,
you will be formulating persuasive arguments and articulating these
arguments in front of an audience. You will be speaking in planned
presentations, as well as unplanned impromptu assignments.
COURSE
OBJECTIVES
If you keep up with the readings,
complete the assignments to the best of your ability, and give your
best effort in this course,
- You will learn to think more clearly
about general issues as you research and argue one specific issue
with a partner who supports an opposing viewpoint about the
issue.
- You will better understand how
argumentation is used in various decision making contexts as we
discuss issues and arguments in class.
- You will learn to analyze and evaluate
your own and others' argumentation tendencies and
techniques.
- You will learn to create ethical,
logical, and more persuasive arguments.
- You will become a better public speaker
and a better consumer of public arguments as you give speeches and
analyze others' arguments.
- You will learn to think more quickly on
your feet by engaging in impromptu arguments and class
discussion.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND
GRADING
Students will complete the following
assignments:
- Three argument analysis worksheets
(testing reading comprehension and analytical skills)
- Three in-class argumentative
presentations (each presentation building on one
issue)
- Three in-class question/answer sessions
(practicing ability to think, question, and respond
quickly)
- Final Argumentative Case Outline (8-10
pages plus references; basis of final presentation)
- journal and portfolio (one-page journal
weekly, one portfolio at semester end)
- Various in-class assignments (impromptu
speaking, in-class analysis of arguments, etc.)
Grades will be determined based on the
following assignments:
- Argument analysis worksheets
15%
- Argumentative presentation and Q/A
Session #1 15% (including case outline and
bibliography)
- Argumentative presentation and Q/A
Session #2 15% (including case outline and
bibliography)
- Final Argumentative presentation and
Q/A Session 25%
- Final Argumentative Case Outline and
Bibliography 10%
- Weekly Journals and end-of-semester
Portfolio 10%
- Audience Participation and Class
Discussion 10%
Participation in this course is crucial for
your success. If you do not keep up with readings and attend class,
you will fall behind in the material (concepts and tools build as we
move through the semester).
Expectations for Writing
Assignments
- All written work must be typed on
standard paper, stapled (no folders), and turned in on time. For
each 24 hours an assignment is late, you will lose one letter
grade.
- Always make a (hard) copy of everything
you turn in. You will receive zero (0) points for missing papers,
regardless of circumstances.
- You should submit work that is
organized, clear, and free from grammatical or style errors. This
requires revision and proofreading. Each spelling error and typo
will cost 1% of your grade for that assignment. If you need
help with your writing, talk to me or go to the university writing
lab for free tutoring sessions!
Expectations for Speaking
Assignments:
- Each formal argumentative presentation
is considered a professional event. You are expected to arrive on
time, dress appropriately, and be prepared.
- Speeches should be rehearsed
adequately. This is not a beginning speaking course. Rather, this
is a course where you practice advanced oral communication
strategies. Time limits will be strictly observed.
- All speeches must be given
extemporaneously--using limited notes and adapting to specific
audience needs or environmental contingencies. In other words,
speeches may not be memorized or given from a
manuscript.
- If you cannot speak on your assigned
day, you are responsible for finding someone in class to switch
speaking dates with you.
Other Policies and
Expectations:
- In this class, you are expected to take
responsibility for your learning. This includes completing reading
assignments by the day they appear on the syllabus, attending
class, and participating in class discussions. This also includes
ASKING QUESTIONS WHEN YOU DONT UNDERSTAND THE MATERIAL AND
SLOWING ME DOWN WHEN NECESSARY!!!
- During class, we will respect and honor
all positions or viewpoints, as long as these positions are
supported with evidence and reasoning.
- Make-up assignments do not exist. If
you are absent, you receive a zero for any particular assignment
due during your absence, including all speeches, impromptu events,
and in-class assignments.
Student observance of the
Honor Code:
The honor code will be strictly enforced in
this course. All assignments submitted must be original work
completed by the student. All aspects of your coursework are covered
by the honor system, and academic dishonesty will not be
tolerated.
To be safe, carefully document your
sources. Thoroughly review the following information about plagiarism
to familiarize yourself with possible problems. If you are unsure
what constitutes plagiarism, you are responsible for talking to the
instructor for clarification. PLEASE DO NOT GUESS . . .
ASK!
Plagiarism is a serious university
offense. Plagiarism may take many forms, each of which is
unacceptable, according to the standards of academic honesty as
governed by the Virginia Tech Honor System.
Any written and oral work you present as
your own for this class should be completely your own; content,
organization, language choices, visuals, and ideas, UNLESS you CITE
THE SOURCES from which you have borrowed ideas, phrases, visual,
etc.
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WHEN IN DOUBT, USE
QUOTATION MARKS AND ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS...GIVE CREDIT TO
THE SOURCE!!
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For written and oral assignments,
plagiarism includes, but is not limited
to:
- intentionally or unintentionally using
someone elses words, phrases, or ideas as if they were your
own,
- quoting material from a source without
enclosing it in quotation marks and providing the exact
source,
- paraphrasing material from a source
without giving credit and providing a citation for the
source,
- quoting material from a source in an
oral presentation without giving credit to the source,
- paraphrasing material from a source in
an oral presentation without giving credit to the
source.
Plagiarism in any form will result in a
zero for that assignment and may be taken to the honor court. Any
other violations of the honor code will be taken to the honor
court.
BRIEF
DESCRIPTION OF ASSIGNMENTS
Argument Analysis
Worksheets
- To practice analyzing arguments, you
will be given several worksheets as homework assignments. Each
worksheet requires you to examine and evaluate one or more
statements or arguments, using specific analytic tools discussed
in class and/or in the textbooks.
Argumentative
Presentations
- During the first two weeks of class,
you will select a topic partner and a specific "term topic"
that will be the basis of all three presentations. For each
presentation, you will be presenting your position on the topic,
and arguing against the position of your partner.
- Each presentation builds on the
previous presentations so that by the end of the semester, you
have a complete, well-researched, and well-constructed
argumentative case.
- Presentations will grow in content,
complexity, and length. Content from each presentation may
(should) be used to augment subsequent presentations (in other
words, keep what works, throw out what doesn't work, and make your
arguments better as the semester progresses)
Question/Answer
Sessions
- In addition to presenting your own
position and supporting that position with well-researched
evidence, you will engage in a question/answer session with
your partner. This Q/A session will be designed to allow you to
question your partner's statements, assumptions, or evidence (and
your partner has the opportunity to do the same).
- After the Q/A session, you will be
allowed to compose a brief oral response to your partner's
presentation.
Argumentative
Case Outline
- For each argumentative presentation,
you must turn in a complete outline of your presentation, using
the guidelines specified in class and in the
textbooks.
- All evidence used must be included in
the outline and must be cited appropriately.
- Bibliography must be included with the
outline. APA format required.
- Significant research is required to
make a sound and reasonable argument. Specific source requirements
will be given in class. You may choose to research the issue with
your opposition to maximize resources.
Journals
- Each week, you will turn in a one-page
journal reflecting on anything, as long as it relates to the
course in some way.
- The journal is designed to help you
keep track of your own thoughts about the concepts in the course,
misgivings about your progress, and accomplishments throughout the
course. Also, the journal provides me valuable feedback about the
course and how you feel youre doing in the
class.
- Completion of the assignment is the
basis of evaluation (I wont critique your writing or
content)
Portfolio
- Save your work during the semester,
including all rough drafts. At the end of the semester, you will
compile a professional portfolio that highlights your
accomplishments and includes all the materials you collected and
created during the semester.
- This assignment is designed to allow
you to make a professional argument about your effort, progress,
and achievements in the course.
General Evaluation Criteria
for argumentation assignments:
In general, assignments will be evaluated
according to the following criteria. More specific criteria will be
provided when the assignment is discussed in class.
- Preparation and Analysis: Each
assignment requires and should demonstrate careful analysis of the
issues, audience, major claims, supporting claims, reasoning, and
evidence.
- Research: To analyze
others arguments or to formulate your own arguments, you
must be well-informed on the topic. The extent to which you
demonstrate your familiarity with the issue throughout the
assignment will influence its evaluation.
- Organization and Clarity: Your
central proposition (thesis, main claim) should be clear.
Secondary claims should be organized coherently to develop a
systematic line of reasoning. Writing should be precise and
direct; avoid indirect or vague writing. Also, the connections
(links) between supporting evidence and claims must be clear to
the reader. If I cant follow your line of reasoning, you
havent written it clearly enough.
- Quality of Support: Your
arguments should be firmly grounded by a variety of relevant and
significant support (evidence). Again, extensive research on the
issue is necessary to develop adequate evidence to support
claims.
- Ability to articulate ideas clearly:
In oral presentations, mastery of basic public speaking skills
is presumed. You should be able to articulate your ideas in front
of an audience clearly and concisely.
To access the
Course Schedule, click here